The 'intention' of the artist is paramount in much later installation art whose roots lie in the conceptual art of the 1960s. Installation art came to prominence in the 1970s but its roots can be identified in earlier artists such as Marcel Duchamp and his use of the readymade and Kurt Schwitters' Merz art objects, rather than more traditional craft based sculpture. These included the Mattress Factory, Pittsburgh, the Museum of Installation in London, and the Fairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MI, among others. Since its acceptance as a separate discipline, a number of institutions focusing on Installation art were created. Likewise, Walt Disney Imagineering employed a similar philosophy when designing the multiple immersive spaces for Disneyland in 1955. Artistic collectives such as the Exhibition Lab at New York's American Museum of Natural History created environments to showcase the natural world in as realistic a medium as possible. Many installations are site-specific in that they are designed to exist only in the space for which they were created, appealing to qualities evident in a three-dimensional immersive medium.

The genre incorporates a broad range of everyday and natural materials, which are often chosen for their ' evocative' qualities, as well as new media such as video, sound, performance, immersive virtual reality and the internet. Installation artworks have been constructed in exhibition spaces such as museums and galleries, as well as public and private spaces. Installation art can be either temporary or permanent. Visitors interact with a couple in bed, inside one of the many environments of La Menesunda (1965), one of the earliest large-scale installations in art history.

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